{ "person": "Kurt Hellmer", "source": "https://kurthellmer.com/network", "organizations": [ { "id": "gawa", "name": "German American Writers Association", "shortName": "GAWA", "affiliation": "Member of the American PEN Club", "address": "15 East 40th Street, New York City", "activeYears": "1938 – 1941", "hellmerRole": "Executive Secretary", "description": "A Popular-Front literary alliance of exiled German writers and their American allies, honorary president Thomas Mann, member of the American PEN Club. Hellmer ran the New York office at 15 East 40th Street as Executive Secretary.", "groups": [ { "id": "officers", "title": "Officers", "description": "Elected officers of the association Hellmer ran day-to-day as Executive Secretary. Names and titles taken verbatim from the GAWA letterhead in use during 1939 – 1940.", "people": [ { "name": "Thomas Mann", "role": "Honorary President", "note": "Nobel laureate; the pre-eminent figurehead of the German exile in America.", "sameAs": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Mann" }, { "name": "Oskar Maria Graf", "role": "President", "note": "Bavarian novelist and social democrat, exiled to New York after 1938.", "sameAs": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oskar_Maria_Graf" }, { "name": "Ferdinand Bruckner", "role": "Vice-President, Eastern District", "note": "Austrian playwright (Krankheit der Jugend, Elisabeth von England), in New York exile.", "sameAs": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_Bruckner" }, { "name": "Bruno Frank", "role": "Vice-President, Western District", "note": "German novelist and playwright resettled in Beverly Hills, at the centre of the Los Angeles émigré colony.", "sameAs": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruno_Frank" }, { "name": "Curt Riess", "role": "National General Secretary", "note": "German-Jewish journalist and war correspondent.", "sameAs": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curt_Riess" }, { "name": "Walter Schoenstedt", "role": "New York General Secretary", "note": "Communist-turned-liberal novelist and cultural organizer in exile.", "sameAs": "https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Sch%C3%B6nstedt" }, { "name": "Klaus Mann", "role": "Public Relations", "note": "Novelist, editor of Decision; son of Thomas Mann. Listed on the April 1940 letterhead.", "sameAs": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klaus_Mann" }, { "name": "Manfred George", "role": "Presse", "note": "Editor-in-chief of Aufbau — Hellmer's future long-time editorial home.", "sameAs": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manfred_George" }, { "name": "Kurt Hellmer", "role": "Executive Secretary", "note": "Coordinated correspondence, aid cases, and events from the New York office." } ] }, { "id": "correspondents", "title": "Correspondents & Aid Cases", "description": "People and institutions on the receiving end of the letters Hellmer signed — the everyday work of the association: sponsorships, affidavits, rescue appeals.", "people": [ { "name": "Raoul Auernheimer", "note": "Austrian novelist and former vice-president of the Vienna PEN Club; addressed at Hotel Adams, 2 East 86th Street, New York (5 Jan).", "sameAs": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raoul_Auernheimer" }, { "name": "American Guild for German Cultural Freedom", "note": "Émigré-aid organization at 20 Vesey Street, New York — GAWA's frequent counterpart in rescue cases (24 April 1940)." }, { "name": "Karl Heidenreich", "note": "Munich painter; fled to France after 1933, fought as a volunteer in the Spanish Loyalist Army, later interned in France — subject of GAWA's April 1940 appeal on his behalf.", "sameAs": "https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Heidenreich" } ] } ] }, { "id": "theater-of-german-freemen", "name": "Theater of German Freemen", "address": "507 Fifth Avenue, Suite 1205, New York City", "activeYears": "c. 1940 – 1941", "hellmerRole": "Management", "description": "Anti-Nazi exile theater founded to work 'as much by means of the stage as by radio' — Hellmer sat in the three-man management line alongside Manfred Furst and Ludwig Roth, backed by an advisory board of the leading German-language writers, actors, and journalists in American exile.", "quote": { "text": "Furthermore the Theater is supposed to become not only the first Free German movement and will work as such as a fanfare, to be heard even in locked-up Germany of today, but will also help in the cultural reconstruction of a post-war world. The whole idea, as it looks to me, is promising in every respect, a cause well worth fighting for.", "source": "Kurt Hellmer · Letter to Professor Horace M. Kallen, New School for Social Research" }, "groups": [ { "id": "tgf-management", "title": "Management", "description": "The three-man management line running the Theater of German Freemen out of 507 Fifth Avenue — the name Kurt Hellmer stands directly alongside Manfred Furst and Ludwig Roth on the letterhead.", "people": [ { "name": "Manfred Furst", "role": "Management", "note": "Austrian-born theater producer in New York exile; co-founder of the Theater of German Freemen." }, { "name": "Kurt Hellmer", "role": "Management", "note": "Listed on the letterhead as one of three managers of the anti-Nazi exile theater — stage and radio work aimed 'not just for fun and entertainment.'" }, { "name": "Ludwig Roth", "role": "Management", "note": "Exiled German theater man; the third managing partner on the letterhead." } ] }, { "id": "tgf-advisory-board", "title": "Advisory Board", "description": "The permanent advisory board printed on the letterhead — a roll-call of the German-language literary and theatrical exile in America, plus the Broadway producer Herman Shumlin, whose name was added in ink.", "people": [ { "name": "Ferdinand Bruckner", "note": "Austrian playwright (Krankheit der Jugend, Elisabeth von England); also GAWA Vice-President, Eastern District.", "sameAs": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_Bruckner" }, { "name": "Ferdinand Czernin", "note": "Austrian-born writer and anti-Nazi activist; son of the last Austro-Hungarian foreign minister.", "sameAs": "https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_Czernin_von_und_zu_Chudenitz" }, { "name": "Bruno Frank", "note": "German novelist and playwright resettled in Beverly Hills.", "sameAs": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruno_Frank" }, { "name": "Manfred George", "note": "Editor-in-chief of Aufbau; the exile community's leading New York newspaper voice.", "sameAs": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manfred_George" }, { "name": "Fritz Kortner", "note": "Great Weimar stage and screen actor; in Hollywood exile after 1938.", "sameAs": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fritz_Kortner" }, { "name": "Emil Ludwig", "note": "Best-selling biographer (Napoleon, Bismarck, Goethe).", "sameAs": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emil_Ludwig" }, { "name": "Erika Mann", "note": "Writer, cabaret founder (Die Pfeffermühle), lecturer; daughter of Thomas Mann.", "sameAs": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erika_Mann" }, { "name": "Louis Nizer", "note": "American trial lawyer and author; frequent counsel for exile causes.", "sameAs": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Nizer" }, { "name": "Jules Romains", "note": "French novelist (Les Hommes de bonne volonté); then president of International PEN.", "sameAs": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_Romains" }, { "name": "Gerhart H. Seger", "note": "Former Reichstag deputy (SPD); escaped Oranienburg concentration camp; editor of the Neue Volks-Zeitung in New York.", "sameAs": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerhart_Seger" }, { "name": "Dorothy Thompson", "note": "American syndicated columnist and anti-Nazi broadcaster — expelled from Berlin by Hitler in 1934.", "sameAs": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorothy_Thompson" }, { "name": "Fritz von Unruh", "note": "German expressionist playwright and poet in American exile.", "sameAs": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fritz_von_Unruh" }, { "name": "Franz Werfel", "note": "Austrian novelist and playwright (The Song of Bernadette); husband of Alma Mahler.", "sameAs": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz_Werfel" }, { "name": "Carl Zuckmayer", "note": "German playwright (Der Hauptmann von Köpenick); then farming in Vermont exile.", "sameAs": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Zuckmayer" }, { "name": "Herman Shumlin", "note": "Broadway producer-director (Grand Hotel, The Little Foxes, Watch on the Rhine); name added in ink at the foot of the printed board.", "sameAs": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herman_Shumlin" } ] }, { "id": "tgf-correspondents", "title": "Correspondents", "description": "Figures Kurt Hellmer wrote to on behalf of the theater while it was being organized in New York, c. 1940–41.", "people": [ { "name": "Horace M. Kallen", "note": "American philosopher at the New School for Social Research and a founder of cultural pluralism; Hellmer wrote to him about the Theater of German Freemen during the theater's founding period, not after the war.", "sameAs": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horace_Kallen" } ] } ] }, { "id": "personal-network", "name": "Personal & professional network", "activeYears": "1932 – 1975", "hellmerRole": "Dramaturg · Editor · Literary agent", "description": "Beyond the two exile-era organizations, a wider circle Kurt Hellmer worked with across four decades — from his father's Frankfurt theater, through the Aufbau desk in New York, to the postwar agency that placed European drama and fiction with American publishers and Broadway houses. Links go out to Wikipedia where an entry exists.", "groups": [ { "id": "family-frankfurt", "title": "Family & Frankfurt roots", "description": "The Frankfurt theater house Kurt grew up in.", "people": [ { "name": "Arthur Hellmer", "note": "Kurt's father; founder and director of the Neues Theater in Frankfurt, where Kurt worked as dramaturg from 1932.", "sameAs": "https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Hellmer" } ] }, { "id": "represented-authors", "title": "Represented authors & literary clients", "description": "Writers whose U.S. rights, English-language editions or Broadway prospects the Hellmer agency handled from New York after the war.", "people": [ { "name": "Jane Rule", "note": "Canadian novelist (Desert of the Heart, Lesbian Images); Hellmer was her U.S. literary agent.", "sameAs": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jane_Rule" }, { "name": "Stuart Cloete", "note": "South African novelist (Turning Wheels, Rags of Glory).", "sameAs": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stuart_Cloete" }, { "name": "Michael Noonan", "note": "Australian novelist and screenwriter (December Boys).", "sameAs": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Noonan_(novelist)" }, { "name": "Herbert Tichy", "note": "Austrian mountaineer and travel writer; first ascent of Cho Oyu (1954).", "sameAs": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_Tichy" }, { "name": "Maia Teresa Wojciechowska", "note": "Polish-American children's author; won the Newbery Medal for Shadow of a Bull (1965).", "sameAs": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maia_Wojciechowska" }, { "name": "Jacob Picard", "note": "German-Jewish writer of the Landjuden of the Bodensee; in New York exile from 1940.", "sameAs": "https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacob_Picard" }, { "name": "Leo Perutz", "note": "Austrian-Jewish novelist (Der Marques de Bolibar, By Night Under the Stone Bridge); in exile in Tel Aviv from 1938.", "sameAs": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leo_Perutz" }, { "name": "Robert Laurie", "note": "Correspondent of the Hellmer agency in New York." }, { "name": "Peter James", "note": "British novelist, the UK's #1 bestselling crime and thriller writer (Roy Grace series). Hellmer was Peter James's first literary agent.", "sameAs": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_James_(writer)" }, { "name": "James Lee Burke", "note": "American novelist (later celebrated for the Dave Robicheaux crime series); early-career client of the Hellmer agency.", "sameAs": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Lee_Burke" }, { "name": "Jerome Tuccille", "note": "American author and biographer; literary client of the Hellmer agency.", "sameAs": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerome_Tuccille" }, { "name": "Fritz Hochwälder", "note": "Austrian dramatist in Swiss exile (Das heilige Experiment / The Strong Are Lonely); represented by the Hellmer agency.", "sameAs": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fritz_Hochw%C3%A4lder" }, { "name": "Maria Kuncewiczowa", "note": "Polish novelist (Cudzoziemka / The Stranger) who lived in exile in the United States; literary client of the Hellmer agency.", "sameAs": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Kuncewiczowa" }, { "name": "Gershon Einbinder", "note": "Yiddish novelist and children's writer better known by his pen name Chaver Paver; represented by the Hellmer agency in New York.", "sameAs": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaver_Paver" }, { "name": "Ronald Searle", "note": "British artist, satirical cartoonist, and author (St Trinian's, Molesworth); literary client of the Hellmer agency.", "sameAs": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronald_Searle" }, { "name": "Kathleen Nott", "note": "English poet, novelist, philosopher, and critic (The Emperor's Clothes); literary client of the Hellmer agency.", "sameAs": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kathleen_Nott" }, { "name": "Günter Rutenborn", "note": "German playwright and novelist; literary client of the Hellmer agency.", "sameAs": "https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BCnter_Rutenborn" }, { "name": "Austin Clarke", "note": "Irish novelist (The Year of the Liberator, The Drowning of the Saints); literary client of the Hellmer agency.", "sameAs": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austin_Clarke_(novelist)" }, { "name": "Cecil Beaton", "note": "British photographer, designer, and author; literary client of the Hellmer agency.", "sameAs": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cecil_Beaton" }, { "name": "James David Buchanan", "note": "Literary client of the Hellmer agency in New York." }, { "name": "Ralph Hurne", "note": "Literary client of the Hellmer agency in New York." } ] }, { "id": "stage-and-music", "title": "Stage, screen & music", "description": "Playwrights, directors, and composers Hellmer overlapped with as dramaturg in Germany, exile-theater manager in New York, and postwar agent for European drama.", "people": [ { "name": "Georg Kaiser", "note": "German Expressionist playwright (Von morgens bis mitternachts, Gas).", "sameAs": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_Kaiser" }, { "name": "Kurt Weill", "note": "German-born composer (Threepenny Opera, Street Scene); in New York exile from 1935.", "sameAs": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurt_Weill" }, { "name": "Erwin Piscator", "note": "Political-theater director in New York exile; ran the Dramatic Workshop at the New School.", "sameAs": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_Piscator" }, { "name": "Peter Glenville", "note": "English stage and film director (Becket, The Prisoner); Broadway contact of the agency.", "sameAs": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Glenville" }, { "name": "Hermann Geiger-Torel", "note": "German-born opera director; founding artistic director of the Canadian Opera Company.", "sameAs": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermann_Geiger-Torel" }, { "name": "Robert Sherwood", "note": "American playwright and Roosevelt speech-writer (Idiot's Delight, There Shall Be No Night).", "sameAs": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_E._Sherwood" }, { "name": "Bruno Frank", "note": "German novelist and playwright in Beverly Hills exile; also GAWA Vice-President, Western District.", "sameAs": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruno_Frank" }, { "name": "Ernst Deutsch", "note": "Austrian actor; leading man of Hellmer's German-language Love from a Stranger at the Kammerspiele of the Theater in der Josefstadt, Vienna.", "sameAs": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst_Deutsch" }, { "name": "Karel Čapek", "note": "Czech playwright and novelist; Hellmer worked to place a Broadway production of Die weisse Krankheit / The White Disease in 1939.", "sameAs": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karel_%C4%8Capek" }, { "name": "George Bernard Shaw", "note": "Irish playwright and Nobel laureate (Pygmalion, Saint Joan); corresponded with Hellmer by letter.", "sameAs": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Bernard_Shaw" }, { "name": "Ralph Benatzky", "note": "Austrian composer (Im weißen Rößl); wrote the score for Hellmer's operetta adaptation Majestät privat, premiered at the Theater an der Wien, Christmas 1937.", "sameAs": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ralph_Benatzky" } ] }, { "id": "editors-and-press", "title": "Editors, publishers & press", "description": "American editors and publishers, and Hellmer's fellow editors at Aufbau — the working counterparts of the agency.", "people": [ { "name": "Eugene Reynal", "note": "American publisher; co-founder of Reynal & Hitchcock, which took on several exile authors placed through Hellmer.", "sameAs": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reynal_%26_Hitchcock" }, { "name": "Edward Weeks", "note": "Editor of The Atlantic Monthly, 1938 – 1966; an American editorial contact of the agency.", "sameAs": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Weeks" }, { "name": "Will Schaber", "note": "Editor and cultural writer at Aufbau in New York; Hellmer's long-time colleague on the paper.", "sameAs": "https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Will_Schaber" } ] }, { "id": "aufbau-exile-circle", "title": "Aufbau & the German exile in America", "description": "Writers whose orbit Hellmer moved in at the Aufbau desk and in the wider German-speaking exile community in New York.", "people": [ { "name": "W. H. Auden", "note": "Anglo-American poet, arrived in New York in 1939; signatory of the GAWA honorary roster.", "sameAs": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W._H._Auden" }, { "name": "Oskar Maria Graf", "note": "Bavarian novelist; GAWA President and a central figure of the German-speaking exile in New York.", "sameAs": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oskar_Maria_Graf" }, { "name": "Margarete Buber-Neumann", "note": "German writer and communist dissident (Under Two Dictators); survivor of both Karaganda and Ravensbrück.", "sameAs": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margarete_Buber-Neumann" }, { "name": "Julius Bab", "note": "German theater critic and dramaturg; a leading Weimar-era voice on the German stage, in New York exile from 1940 and a regular contributor to Aufbau.", "sameAs": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Bab" }, { "name": "Friedrich Lobe", "note": "German-Jewish director; head of the Kleines Schauspielhaus Hamburg where Hellmer edited programme journals in 1932/33, later director of the Ohel workers' theatre in Tel Aviv, from which he sent Hellmer a new anti-fascist play to translate and place in New York in 1939.", "sameAs": "https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrich_Lobe" }, { "name": "Max Brod", "note": "Prague-German novelist and Kafka's literary executor; named by Hellmer as a personal reference to the American Guild for German Cultural Freedom, 1939.", "sameAs": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Brod" }, { "name": "René Schickele", "note": "Alsatian novelist and pacifist essayist; named by Hellmer as a personal reference to the American Guild for German Cultural Freedom, 1939.", "sameAs": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Schickele" }, { "name": "Ernst Toller", "note": "German expressionist playwright and revolutionary; named by Hellmer as a personal reference to the American Guild for German Cultural Freedom, 1939.", "sameAs": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst_Toller" }, { "name": "Arnold Zweig", "note": "German novelist (The Case of Sergeant Grischa); named by Hellmer as a personal reference to the American Guild for German Cultural Freedom, 1939.", "sameAs": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arnold_Zweig" }, { "name": "Stefan Zweig", "note": "Austrian novelist, biographer, and essayist; named by Hellmer as a personal reference to the American Guild for German Cultural Freedom, 1939.", "sameAs": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stefan_Zweig" } ] }, { "id": "postwar-correspondents", "title": "Postwar correspondents", "description": "Writers, publishers, and agency partners on the other end of Kurt Hellmer's postwar letter files — the working correspondence of the New York agency with the German-speaking literary world.", "people": [ { "name": "Peter Keckeis", "note": "Swiss publisher; long-time editor at Arche Verlag, Zürich — a key European partner of the agency." }, { "name": "Hans Sahl", "note": "German-Jewish poet, critic, and translator; fellow New York exile and Aufbau contributor.", "sameAs": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Sahl" }, { "name": "Carl Zuckmayer", "note": "German playwright (Der Hauptmann von Köpenick, Des Teufels General); Vermont exile and later Saas-Fee. Also on the Theater of German Freemen advisory board.", "sameAs": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Zuckmayer" }, { "name": "Hermann Kesten", "note": "German-Jewish novelist and PEN organizer; central figure of the exile literary network in New York and later Rome.", "sameAs": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermann_Kesten" }, { "name": "Peter Schifferli", "note": "Swiss publisher; founder of Verlag Die Arche, Zürich — issued many of the German-language editions the Hellmer agency placed.", "sameAs": "https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Schifferli" }, { "name": "Lotti Dürrenmatt", "note": "Wife and estate manager of Friedrich Dürrenmatt; correspondent of the Hellmer agency on Dürrenmatt's U.S. stage rights." }, { "name": "Horace Mastronardi", "note": "Swiss lawyer in Bern; Friedrich Dürrenmatt's legal and rights representative, and the agency's counterpart in stage-rights negotiations." }, { "name": "Leopold Ahlsen", "note": "German playwright and radio dramatist (Philemon und Baukis); represented by the Hellmer agency for U.S. rights.", "sameAs": "https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leopold_Ahlsen" }, { "name": "Sanford Greenburger", "note": "New York literary agent; Hellmer's longtime colleague and counterpart in placing European authors with U.S. publishers.", "sameAs": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanford_J._Greenburger_Associates" }, { "name": "Maria Hönigschmied" }, { "name": "Jean Tardieu", "note": "French playwright, poet, and radio dramatist (La Salle d'attente, Un mot pour un autre); represented by the Hellmer agency.", "sameAs": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Tardieu" }, { "name": "James Hanley", "note": "Welsh novelist (Boy, The Ocean); represented by the Hellmer agency.", "sameAs": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Hanley_(novelist)" }, { "name": "Hertha Pauli", "note": "Austrian writer, actress, and literary agent; in New York exile from 1940.", "sameAs": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hertha_Pauli" } ] }, { "id": "correspondents-undated", "title": "Correspondents", "description": "Further names in Kurt Hellmer's letter files.", "people": [ { "name": "Raoul Auernheimer", "note": "Austrian playwright, novelist, and Neue Freie Presse critic; Dachau survivor, in American exile from 1939.", "sameAs": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raoul_Auernheimer" }, { "name": "Gustav Beer", "note": "Austrian librettist and playwright; in New York exile, active in the German-language exile theater scene.", "sameAs": "https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Beer" }, { "name": "Bruno Frank", "note": "German novelist and playwright in Beverly Hills exile; also on the Theater of German Freemen advisory board.", "sameAs": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruno_Frank" }, { "name": "Oskar Maria Graf", "note": "Bavarian novelist (Das Leben meiner Mutter); New York exile from 1938 and a fixture of the German-language literary circle there.", "sameAs": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oskar_Maria_Graf" }, { "name": "Lion Feuchtwanger", "note": "German-Jewish novelist (Jud Süß, Erfolg); Pacific Palisades exile and a leading voice of the anti-Nazi émigré literature.", "sameAs": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lion_Feuchtwanger" }, { "name": "Leo Perutz", "note": "Austrian novelist (Der Meister des Jüngsten Tages); emigrated to Tel Aviv in 1938.", "sameAs": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leo_Perutz" }, { "name": "Margarete Buber-Neumann", "note": "German author and survivor of both Soviet and Nazi camps (Under Two Dictators).", "sameAs": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margarete_Buber-Neumann" } ] } ] } ] }